Conditionals (if this, do that)

The simplest form of control is choice. The ability to make a decision allows our programs to become a choose-your-own adventure story where it all depends on what the user does. The two basic methods of choice are if...else and switch statements.

There is a short-form of the if...else statement called a ternary operator. Not all programming languages have it. Click here for a quick 2-minute explanation.